Scientists found out a key enzyme that shows how exercise is effective for anti-aging

Scientists discovered an enzyme that shows how exercise leads to anti-aging

Due to premature aging people lose their charm by getting thin visible lines, dull and wrinkled faces. Though aging is a natural process but still by practicing lifestyle changes one can delay the aging to a certain extent.  There are different ways to keep your skin youthful and bright such as exercise. This article reveals recent research at Monash University in Australia where scientists have uncovered an enzyme that is crucial in understanding why exercise benefits our health in respect to anti-aging. This discovery has opened the way to the development of medications that boost the activity of this enzyme. Which in turn can protect against the effects of aging on metabolic health such as type 2 diabetes. Over the next three decades, the population above 60 will get tripled globally. Due to the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, this group of the population might increase the disease's global spread.

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One of the main reasons for the increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes (with age) is the development of insulin resistance, or the body's inability to respond to insulin. This is frequently caused by decreased physical activity as we age. It has been a mystery about particular processes by which physical inactivity promotes the development of insulin resistance. Researchers from Australia's Monash University have found how physical activity improves insulin responsiveness and so boosts metabolic wellness.

Importantly, the enzymes they uncovered have the potential to be used by medications to guard against aging-related effects such as muscle pain and diabetes. The Monash University Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI) team, led by Professor Tony Tiganis, discovered that reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation during aging plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance. According to Professor Tiganis, skeletal muscle creates ROS continuously, which increases during activity.

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"Exercise-induced ROS causes adaptive responses that are essential to exercise's health-promoting benefits," he explained. The researchers describe how an enzyme called NOX-4 is essential for exercise-induced ROS and the adaptive responses that promote metabolic health in an article published on 15 December in the journal Science Advances.

The researchers discovered that NOX-4 is raised in skeletal muscle after exercise, which leads to increased ROS. This increased ROS removes adaptive responses that protect mice from the development of insulin resistance (Occurring from aging or diet-induced obesity). Importantly, the researchers discovered that NOX-4 levels in skeletal muscle are directly related to the age-related reduction in insulin sensitivity. "In this study, we demonstrated that skeletal muscle NOX-4 abundance decreases with aging, leading to a decline in insulin sensitivity through the animal model," Professor Tiganis explained.

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"Using medications to activate the adaptive mechanisms regulated by NOX-4 may improve crucial aspects of aging, such as the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes," he said. "One of these compounds can be found naturally, for example, in cruciferous vegetables like broccoli or cauliflower, albeit the amount required for anti-aging effects may be higher than many people are willing to invest." 

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